CURRENT MEMBERSHIP OF THE INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD

Sirad ATMODJO

Pharmacist. Assistant Instructor, Drug Dispensing Laboratory, Gajah Mada University (1955-1959). High-school teacher of Chemistry (1957-1959). Staff member, Directorate of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Ministry of Health of Indonesia (1959-1965). Director of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Ministry of Health (1965-1967). Director of Distribution, Directorate General of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health (1967-1975). Director of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (1975-1991), Secretary of the Directorate General of Food and Drug Control, Ministry of Health (1981-1987). Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy (1987-1991), Second Vice-Rector (1991-1993) and First Vice-Rector (1994) of "17 Agustus 1945" University. Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (since 1987). Member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (since 1994) and Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1994).

Edouard Armenakovich BABAYAN

Graduate of the Second Moscow Medical Institute (1941). Professor, Doctor of Medical Science, Academician. Chairman of the Standing Committee on Narcotic Drugs Control of the Russian Federation (non-governmental). Expert of the World Health Organization (WHO). Vice-President of the International Council on Alcohol and Addictions. Author of over 200 scientific papers, inter alia, monographs and courses on drug control, published in many countries throughout the world. Winner of the E. Brauning international prize for valuable contribution to narcotic drug control; honorary member of the Purkine Society; and Honoured Physician of the Russian Federation. Head of the Russian delegation to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. Chairman of the Commission (1977 and 1990). Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (1995). Member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1995).

Hamid GHODSE

Professor of Psychiatry. Director, Regional Drug Problem Treatment, Training and Research Unit, and Director, Regional Drug and Alcohol Team, South Thames, Regional Health Authority, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Director, Centre for Addiction Studies, and Member of the Academic Board, the Council and the Joint Advisory Management Committee, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London. Chairman, Association of Professors of Psychiatry in the British Isles. Adviser, Joint Formulary Committee, British National Formulary. Member of the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on Drug Dependence and Alcohol. Chairman of the Substance Misuse Section, member of the Council and of the Court of Electors, Royal College of Psychiatrists, United Kingdom. Adviser, Health Advisory Service, National Health Service, United Kingdom. Editor of the International Journal of Social Psychiatry and of the Substance Misuse Bulletin. Member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Addiction. Fellow (since 1985) of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, United Kingdom. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom. Member, rapporteur and chairman of various WHO and European Community expert committees, review groups and other working groups on drug and alcohol dependence, in particular, convener of WHO expert groups on medical education (1986), pharmacy education (1987), nurse education (1989) and rational prescribing of psychoactive drugs. M. S. McLeod Visiting Professor, Southern Australia Postgraduate Medical Education Association (1990). Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (since 1992) and member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1992). President of the Board (1993-1994).

Dil Jan KHAN

Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Laws and Master of Arts in Political Science. Secretary of the States and Frontier Regions Division (1990-1993), Secretary of the Interior Division (1990) and Secretary of the Narcotics Control Division (1990 and 1993-1994) of the Government of Pakistan. Commandant, Frontier Constabulary, North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (1978-1980 and 1982-1983). Inspector General of Police, North-West Frontier Province (1980-1982 and 1983-1986). Additional Secretary, Ministry of Interior of Pakistan (1986-1990). Counsellor (1973-1978) and First Secretary (1972), Embassy of Pakistan, Kabul. Recipient of Sitara-i-Basalat, one of the highest awards for galantry, awarded by the President of Pakistan (1990). President of the International Club, Kabul. Dean of the Counsellor/Administration Corps, Afghanistan. Member of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee. President of the Police Service of Pakistan Association (1993-1994). Patron of the non-governmental organization anti-narcotics society (1982-1983). Participant in the seminar on replacement of opium poppy cultivation, held at Bangkok (1978). Head of the delegation of Pakistan to the Executive Committee of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (1990-1993); the workshop of the UNHCR Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee (1991); the UNHCR meeting (1991); the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, New Delhi (1991); the World Food Programme Authority (1992); and the talks on relief assistance for Afghan refugees, Geneva and Washington, D.C. (1993). Head of the delegation of Pakistan to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (1993 and 1994); the technical consultation between India and Pakistan, held at Vienna under the auspices of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, on cooperation in drug control activities (1994); and the First Policy-Level Meeting on Technical Cooperation between Pakistan and India (1994). Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (1995). Member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1995).

Gottfried MACHATA

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Chemistry (1951) and Professor (1968). Pharmaceutical and chemical industry scientist (1951-1954). Head of the Department of Chemistry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Vienna (1955-1990). Court Expert in Forensic Sciences and General Chemistry (since 1955). Expert of the Disarmament Commission (1983-1985). Member of the Senate Commission of the German Research Organization. Author of more than 145 published works in the field of toxicology. Recipient of the International Widmark Award and the Jean Servais Stas Médaille. Recipient of the gold medal of honour for scientific research of the Republic of Austria. Member of the International Narcotics Control Board and member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (since 1992). Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1995).

Mohamed MANSOUR

Director of Training Institute Affairs Administration, former Director of Operation Administration, Drug Enforcement Administration, Ministry of Interior of Egypt. Teacher of trainees and officers in drug enforcement and criminal investigations, Police Academy, Cairo, and Arab Institute for Police Studies, Saudi Arabia. Recipient of Bachelor's degree in law and police science, training at the Drug Enforcement Administration, Washington, D.C. (1974 and 1978). Recipient of the Honour of El-Gomhoria (1977) and the Honour of El-Estehkak (1984). Participant in various conferences and meetings in the field of drug law enforcement. Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (since 1990) and Rapporteur (since 1992). Member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1992 and 1993). First Vice-President of the Board (1995).

Bunsom MARTIN

Doctor of Medicine with postgraduate advanced training in Tropical Medicine. Long-time service as hospital, medical school and university official, in particular as Head of Department, President and Chairman of the University Board. Director-General of the Department of Physical Education. Active participant in a variety of organizations, such as the Red Cross and the Scout Association. Chairman of the Committee for Prevention and Publicity of Drug Abuse for 22 years. Minister of Education (1982) and Minister of Health (1984) of Thailand. Member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (since 1993). Second Vice-President of the International Narcotics Control Board and Chairman of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1995).

António Lourenço MARTINS

Graduate in Law, University of Coimbra. Prosecutor (1965-1972); Judge (1972-1976); General Director of Judicial Police (1977-1983); and Deputy Attorney-General and member of the Consultative Committee of the Attorney-General's Office (since 1983). Government-appointed head of the working groups that drew up Portuguese anti-drug legislation (1983 and 1993); and coordinator of the computerization of the courts, as designated by the Minister of Justice of Portugal (since 1988). Lecturer on laws covering access to computer information at the Law Institute for Communications, Faculty of Law, University of Coimbra. Author of various articles on questions concerning drugs and electronic information, a collection of the main international and national contributions to the fight against drugs, with commentary. Participant in various meetings of the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO/Interpol) General Assembly (1977-1982) and in various sessions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. Participant in working groups of the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe and in various meetings of the European Anti-Drug Committee (CELAD). Head of the ad hoc group that established a framework for the creation of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (1992). Head of one of the groups in the seminar on policy strategies against drugs in Europe (1993). Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (1995). Member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1995).

Herbert S. OKUN

International executive and ambassador. Executive Director, Financial Services Volunteer Corps, New York. Visiting Lecturer on International Law, Yale University Law School. United States Foreign Service (1955-1991). Special Assistant to the Secretary of State, Washington, D.C. (1969-1971). Vice-Chairman of the United States delegation to the SALT II negotiations and to the Trilateral Talks between the United States, the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (1978-1980). Ambassador of the United States of America to the German Democratic Republic (1980-1983). Deputy Permanent Representative and Ambassador of the United States of America to the United Nations (1985-1989). Special Advisor and Deputy to the Co-Chairman of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia (1991-1993). Member of the Group of Experts to advise and assist the Secretary-General on the enhancement of the efficiency of the United Nations structure for drug abuse control (1990). Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (since 1992).

Alfredo PEMJEAN

Medical Doctor (1968). Psychiatrist (1972). Clinical practice in psychiatry units of general hospitals (1972-1989). Head of Service of Clinical Psychiatry, Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau of Santiago de Chile (1975-1981). Instructor in undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (since 1975). Head of the Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Campus South, University of Chile (1976-1979 and 1985-1988). Professor of Psychiatry, University of Chile (since 1979). Professor of Psychiatry, School of Psychology, Universidad Católico de Chile (since 1983). Head of the Mental Health Unit, Ministry of Health of Chile (1990-1995). President of Sociedad Iberoamericana para el Estudio del Alcohol y las Drogas (1986-1990). Professor in the Magister Program entitled "Public Health, Mention in Mental Health", School of Public Health, University of Chile. Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (1995).

Manuel QUIJANO

Doctor of Medicine. Practising surgeon for 35 years at a teaching hospital. Professor of a three-year postgraduate course in general surgery. Scientific counsellor to the Mexican delegation to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (1980-1983). Director of International Affairs, Ministry of Health of Mexico. Member of the Executive Board of the World Health Organization and Chairman (1988-1989). Member of the International Narcotics Control Board and member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (since 1992). First Vice-President (1993) and Rapporteur (1995) of the Board.

Oskar SCHROEDER

Lawyer and administrator. Doctor of law. Public Prosecutor (1957). Director-General, Inland Revenue and Tax Auditing Unit in the Financial Administration of North Rhine-Westphalia (1957-1964). Ministry for Youth, Family Affairs, Women and Health of the Federal Republic of Germany (1965-1989): Personal Secretary to the State Secretary and Head, Budget Division and several Divisions of Health Legislation (1965-1973); Head, Division for Legislation on Narcotic Drugs (1973-1982); and Director-General for Family Affairs and Social Welfare (1982-1989). Head of the delegation of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (1973-1982) and Chairman of the Commission (1980). Chairman of the Commission for Social Development (1989). Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (since 1990). Member of the Standing Committee on Estimates and Chairman of the Budget Committee (1990). President of the Board (1991, 1992 and 1995).

Elba TORRES GRATEROL

Lawyer. Central University of Venezuela (1959). Adviser on drug-related matters, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela (1985-1994). Director for Social Protection, Office of the Attorney-General of the Republic (1971-1981); representative of the Department of Public Prosecution to the Drug Abuse Control Commission (1971-1981); member of the commission to prepare a preliminary draft law on narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (1974-1984); and Adviser, Department of Crime Prevention, Ministry of Justice (1982-1983). Member of the Venezuelan delegation to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (1985-1993). Participation in the intergovernmental expert group meetings to consider the draft convention against illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (1986-1988); the United Nations Conference for the Adoption of a Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988); meetings of the group of experts designated by the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (of the Organization of American States) to draft model regulations on the laundering of assets derived from illicit drug trafficking (1990-1992); and the first meeting on the implementation of articles 5 and 7 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 (1993). Head of the Venezuelan delegation at the meeting convened at Panama City by the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission to analyse the problem of money-laundering regulations (1993). Member of the International Narcotics Control Board (1995). Member of the Standing Committee on Estimates (1995).